There are regions of high floristic diversity in India. These regions are extensive and relatively undisturbed forest ecosystems of the Himalayas, the Khasi and Mizo Hills of north eastern India, the Vindhya and Satpura mountain ranges of northern peninsular India and the Western Ghats. The forests contain an estimated 90 percent of the country’s higher (flowering) plant species and are therefore of special importance to traditional medicines. A significant portion of Indian medicinal plant species occur in forests, rangelands and in the mosaic of habitats found within agricultural landscapes.
Adulsa, Malabar nut, vasa, vasaka.
Salviya, Indian sage plant
Tulsi – Holi Basil, Viks Tulsi, Kapur tulsi and Krishna tulsi
Air plant, Life plant, Miracle leaf, Panphuti
Aloevera
Sadaphuli, Periwinkle
Marigold
Odomas/Citronella
Lemongrass
Vetiver Khus
Ayurvedic herbs are time tested for their health and other benefits. The nutritive value that they pack is highly recommended for their healing powers. Known to induce no side effects, they have a unique aroma and flavor and when consumed regularly, they act as a perfect mechanism to bring about a balanced harmony between mind and body. They rejuvenate the whole system instead of focusing on one specific organ or body part.
Arjun Tree
Saptparni
Sita Ashok
Jamun
Neem
Plant awareness, nurtured within the sanctuary of a green campus, has emerged as a transformative force in shaping students’ academic experiences. The presence of lush foliage, carefully curated gardens, and vibrant flora not only contributes to the aesthetic charm of the educational environment but also wields a profound impact on students’ concentration and studies. Scientifically, it has been shown that exposure to nature and greenery fosters a sense of calm and tranquility, effectively reducing stress levels among students. This, in turn, paves the way for heightened focus and improved cognitive abilities, ultimately enhancing the quality of learning and concentration within the classroom. As students traverse tree-lined pathways and study amidst the embrace of nature’s beauty, a tangible connection to the living world is nurtured. This connection, inextricably linked to plant awareness, has the power to spark curiosity and instill a sense of wonder, inspiring students to engage more deeply with their studies. The green campus thus stands as a living testament to the symbiotic relationship between humans and the natural world, nurturing not only academic growth but also a holistic understanding of the interconnectedness of life.
Amidst the verdant splendor of the Sanjeevani Herbal Garden, a modern fusion of nature and technology comes to life. As students diligently tend to the array of healing herbs, a new dimension of learning unveils itself through the presence of QR code banners strategically placed alongside these botanical wonders. These unassuming codes hold a wealth of information waiting to be unlocked with a simple scan. With a quick swipe of a smartphone, curious minds can access a virtual treasure trove of knowledge about each herb – from its botanical origins and traditional uses to its scientifically-proven health benefits. This seamless blend of traditional wisdom and contemporary convenience empowers students to delve deeper into the world of herbal medicine, fostering a holistic understanding that extends beyond the garden’s confines. The QR code banners serve as a bridge between past and present, guiding learners on a digital journey of discovery and enlightenment. Thus, the Sanjeevani Herbal Garden not only cultivates herbs for healing but also cultivates the intellects of future generations through this innovative marriage of nature and technology.
The Sanjeevani Herbal Garden stands as a testament to the symbiotic relationship between nature, education, and healing. Within its lush expanse, students take on the nurturing role of gardeners, tending to an array of precious herbs that hold the promise of health and wellness. As these young caretakers invest their time and energy into cultivating these botanical treasures, they gain not only a hands-on understanding of horticulture but also a profound appreciation for the medicinal power of the plant kingdom. Once the herbs reach their peak, they are lovingly harvested and entrusted to a dedicated refinery center, where their potent properties are carefully extracted and transformed into life-enhancing medicines. This harmonious cycle not only imparts practical skills but also instills a deep sense of responsibility and connection to the earth. The Sanjeevani Herbal Garden thus stands as a beacon of holistic education, nurturing both the growth of invaluable herbs and the enlightenment of aspiring minds, all while contributing to the well-being of those in need through the production of transformative medicines.
An innovative concept known as the “Rishi Agastya Oxygen Corridor” has taken root within educational institutions, offering students a unique blend of environmental awareness and practical engagement. This corridor, thoughtfully designed and adorned with flourishing plants, serves as a verdant pathway where students can stroll amidst nature’s bounty. Beyond its aesthetic charm, the Oxygen Corridor plays a crucial role in enriching students’ understanding of the environment and its impact on our world. The plants carefully cultivated within this living corridor not only create a serene and refreshing atmosphere but also contribute a vital element – oxygen. As students traverse this verdant passageway, they are able to witness firsthand the tangible effects of photosynthesis, as plants convert carbon dioxide into the life-giving oxygen we all depend upon. This immersive experience fosters a deeper connection with nature and raises awareness about the vital role that plants play in sustaining our planet’s delicate ecosystem. The Oxygen Corridor thus serves as a dynamic educational tool, nurturing not only plants but also the seeds of environmental consciousness within the hearts and minds of the next generation.
Tree Pages
Adulsa https://rrischool.org/rris-trees-adulsa-malabar-nut/
Aloevera https://rrischool.org/rris-trees-aloevera/
Arjun https://rrischool.org/rris-trees-arjun-tree/
Cashew https://rrischool.org/rris-trees-cashew/
Gulmohar https://rrischool.org/gulmohar/
Almond https://rrischool.org/indian-almond/
Sage Plant https://rrischool.org/rris-trees-indian-sage-plant/
Jamun https://rrischool.org/rris-trees-jamun-tree/
Lemongrass https://rrischool.org/rris-trees-lemongrass/
Life plant https://rrischool.org/rris-trees-life-plant/
Marigold https://rrischool.org/rris-trees-marigold/
Neem https://rrischool.org/rris-trees-neem-tree/
Odomas https://rrischool.org/rris-trees-odomas/
Ramphal https://rrischool.org/rris-trees-ramphal-wild-sweetsop-bullocks-heart/
Tulsi Holi Basil https://rrischool.org/rris-trees-tulsi-holi-basil/
Sadaphuli, Periwinkle https://rrischool.org/rris-trees-sadaphuli/
Saptaparni https://rrischool.org/rris-trees-saptparni-tree/
Sita Ashok https://rrischool.org/rris-trees-sita-ashok-tree/
Vetiver https://rrischool.org/rris-trees-vetiver/
Detailed Information about plants
Common Name : Sage.
Botanical Name : Salvia Officinalis.
Hindi :सेफाकुस Sefakuss
Marathi : कमरकस Kamarkas
Family: Lamiaceae.
Salvia officinalis has been used since ancient times for various health benefits. Some of the benefits of Salvia officinalis include ¹³:
Improving memory and cognitive function
Easing menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes and night sweats
Fighting inflammation and oxidative stress
Improving blood sugar and cholesterol levels
Preventing or treating some cancers
Promoting skin healing and wound recovery
Strengthening the immune and digestive systems
Treating respiratory and urinary infections, sore throat, fever, and pain
Botanical Name: Tagetes
Hindi Name: Gainda
Marathi Name: Gainda
Family: Asteraceae
Marigold is a popular flowering plant known for its vibrant colors and distinct aroma. It is widely cultivated and cherished in India as a decorative plant. Although native to the Americas, Marigold thrives in India’s diverse climatic conditions.
Marigold flowers are extensively used in religious and cultural ceremonies. They are also utilized for making garlands, offering prayers, and adorning festivals like Diwali and Durga Puja.
The flowers of Marigold have medicinal properties. They possess anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant qualities. Extracts from Marigold flowers are used in traditional medicine to treat skin conditions, wounds, and infections.
Marigold plants are beneficial in organic farming. Their strong aroma acts as a natural repellent against pests, reducing the need for chemical pesticides. They also attract pollinators like bees and butterflies, aiding in plant pollination and promoting biodiversity.
Marigold flowers are used to produce natural dyes, providing a range of vibrant colors for textiles and crafts. The petals are also edible and often added to salads, soups, and desserts, imparting a unique flavor and visual appeal.
The plant’s leaves and stems are rich in nutrients and are sometimes used as a livestock feed supplement. Marigold extracts are also incorporated into cosmetic products for their skin-nourishing and rejuvenating properties.
In conclusion, Marigold is a versatile plant cherished for its aesthetic appeal, cultural significance, medicinal properties, and agricultural benefits. Its bright flowers, strong fragrance, and diverse applications make it a beloved plant in India and around the world.
Botanical Name: Cymbopogon
Hindi Name: Gandhatrina
Marathi Name: Nimbu Ghaas
Family: Poaceae
Lemongrass is a perennial grass with a distinct lemony aroma. It is widely cultivated and appreciated for its culinary, medicinal, and aromatic properties. In India, lemongrass is known by various regional names, including Gandhatrina in Hindi and Nimbu Ghaas in Marathi.
Here are some key aspects and benefits of lemongrass:
1. Culinary Uses: Lemongrass is a popular ingredient in Asian cuisine, especially in Thai, Vietnamese, and Indian dishes. Its leaves and stems are used to add a tangy, citrusy flavor to soups, curries, teas, and marinades.
2. Aromatic Qualities: The essential oil extracted from lemongrass is highly fragrant and is utilized in perfumes, soaps, and candles. Its refreshing scent is known for its calming and stress-relieving properties.
3. Medicinal Benefits: Lemongrass possesses several medicinal properties and is used in traditional medicine systems. It has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. Lemongrass tea is consumed for its potential health benefits, such as improved digestion and relief from anxiety.
4. Natural Insect Repellent: The strong aroma of lemongrass acts as a natural insect repellent. It is often used as an ingredient in mosquito repellent products and can help keep pests at bay when grown in gardens or used in essential oil form.
5. Digestive Aid: Lemongrass is known for its digestive benefits. It can help alleviate digestive issues like bloating, indigestion, and stomach cramps. Lemongrass tea or infusion is often consumed for its soothing effects on the digestive system.
6. Detoxifying Properties: Lemongrass has detoxifying properties that may help cleanse the body by eliminating toxins and waste. It is often included in detox diets or consumed as a herbal infusion for its potential cleansing effects.
7. Antiseptic and Antimicrobial: Lemongrass has antiseptic and antimicrobial properties, which make it useful for treating minor cuts, wounds, and skin infections. Its essential oil can be applied topically to promote healing and prevent infection.
8. Relaxation and Sleep Aid: The aroma of lemongrass is believed to have calming and sedative effects, making it beneficial for relaxation and improving sleep quality. It is commonly used in aromatherapy practices and essential oil diffusers.
Lemongrass is a versatile plant with a range of culinary, medicinal, and aromatic applications. Whether used in cooking, skincare, or for its therapeutic properties, lemongrass adds a refreshing touch to various aspects of our lives.
Botanical Name: Chrysopogon zizanioides
Hindi Name: Khus
Marathi Name: Vetiver
Family: Poaceae
Vetiver, also known as Khus, is a perennial grass with a rich and earthy fragrance. It holds immense significance in various domains, including perfumery, erosion control, traditional medicine, and aromatherapy. In India, it is referred to as Khus in Hindi and Vetiver in Marathi.
Let’s explore the diverse uses and benefits of vetiver:
1. Soil Erosion Control: Vetiver grass has an extensive root system that helps bind the soil together, making it effective in preventing erosion. It is often used in terraces, embankments, and slope stabilization projects to protect against soil erosio
2. Fragrance and Perfumery: Vetiver’s distinct aroma is highly valued in the perfume industry. The roots of vetiver grass contain fragrant compounds used in the production of perfumes, colognes, and scented products. Its earthy and woody scent adds depth and complexity to fragrances.
3. Aromatic and Therapeutic Properties: Vetiver essential oil is renowned for its therapeutic properties. It is known for its calming and grounding effects, helping to alleviate stress, anxiety, and insomnia. The oil is commonly used in aromatherapy and massage blends to promote relaxation.
4. Traditional Medicine: In traditional medicine systems, vetiver has been utilized for various health benefits. It is believed to have cooling properties and is used to alleviate heat-related conditions like fever and heatstroke. Vetiver extracts are also used to support digestion and soothe inflammation.
5. Natural Skincare: Vetiver essential oil and extracts are incorporated into skincare products for their potential benefits. They are used in creams, lotions, and soaps to promote healthy skin, reduce acne, and soothe irritation. Vetiver is also valued for its anti-aging properties.
6. Perfumed Cooling: Vetiver roots are used to create fragrant cooling mats and screens. These are soaked in water and placed in homes or outdoor spaces to provide a refreshing and aromatic cooling effect during hot weather.
7. Aromatherapy and Relaxation: Vetiver essential oil is widely used in aromatherapy practices. Its grounding and calming properties make it an excellent choice for promoting relaxation, relieving tension, and enhancing meditation practices.
8. Vetiver Handicrafts: In certain regions, vetiver roots are woven into handicrafts such as mats, baskets, and fans. These items not only showcase the natural beauty of vetiver but also offer functional use in households.
Vetiver, with its captivating fragrance and versatile applications, has become an integral part of various industries. From its role in soil conservation to its contributions in perfumery and traditional medicine, vetiver is a cherished plant that offers a multitude of benefits.
Botanical Name: Terminalia arjuna
Hindi Name: Arjuna
Marathi Name: Arjuna
Family: Combretaceae
The Arjun tree, scientifically known as Terminalia arjuna, is a large deciduous tree that is widely recognized for its medicinal properties. It is native to India and holds significant cultural and traditional value. The Arjun tree thrives in various regions across the country, particularly in tropical and subtropical climates.
The Arjun tree is revered for its numerous uses and benefits. Here are some key features:
1. Medicinal Benefits: The bark of the Arjun tree is highly valued in traditional Ayurvedic medicine. It is known for its cardio-protective properties and is used to treat various heart-related ailments. The bark is rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and glycosides, which contribute to its medicinal effects.
2. Cardiac Tonic: Arjun tree bark is often used as a cardiac tonic to strengthen and support the cardiovascular system. It is believed to help regulate blood pressure, improve circulation, and maintain overall heart health.
3. Anti-inflammatory Properties: The Arjun tree bark exhibits anti-inflammatory effects, making it useful in managing conditions such as arthritis and joint pain. It is known to reduce inflammation and provide relief from associated symptoms.
4. Antioxidant Activity: The bark of the Arjun tree contains potent antioxidants that help combat oxidative stress and free radicals in the body. These antioxidants contribute to overall health and well-being.
5. Wound Healing: The powdered form of Arjun tree bark is used externally to promote wound healing. It is believed to have antimicrobial properties that aid in preventing infection and facilitating the healing process.
6. Environmental Benefits: Arjun trees play a crucial role in ecological conservation. They help prevent soil erosion, provide shade, and contribute to the overall biodiversity of the ecosystem. The dense foliage of the tree also helps in reducing air pollution by acting as a natural air purifier.
The Arjun tree is truly a remarkable plant, valued for its medicinal properties and environmental contributions. Its role in traditional medicine and its significance in maintaining a healthy ecosystem make it an essential part of India’s natural heritage.
Common Name: Saptparni Tree
Botanical Name: Alstonia scholaris
Hindi Name: Saptparni
Marathi Name: Shatavari
Family: Apocynaceae
The Saptparni tree, scientifically known as Alstonia scholaris, is a medium-sized evergreen tree that holds cultural and medicinal significance. It is native to the Indian subcontinent and can be found in various regions across the country.
The Saptparni tree is known for its diverse uses and benefits. Here are some notable features:
1. Medicinal Properties: The bark, leaves, and roots of the Saptparni tree possess medicinal properties and are widely used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine. They are known for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties.
2. Respiratory Health: The bark of the Saptparni tree is commonly used to alleviate respiratory conditions such as cough, asthma, and bronchitis. It is believed to have expectorant properties that help clear the respiratory passages and provide relief from congestion.
3. Digestive Aid: Various parts of the Saptparni tree, including the bark and leaves, are used to support digestive health. They are believed to have digestive stimulant properties and can help in managing digestive disorders such as indigestion and loss of appetite.
4. Antipyretic Activity: The Saptparni tree is known for its antipyretic properties, which make it useful in reducing fever. The bark and leaves are often used in traditional remedies to help lower body temperature during febrile conditions.
5. Skin Conditions: The bark of the Saptparni tree is used externally to treat skin ailments such as eczema, itching, and rashes. It is believed to have soothing and anti-inflammatory effects that can help alleviate skin discomfort.
6. Environmental Benefits: Saptparni trees contribute to the environment by providing shade, acting as windbreakers, and enhancing the overall biodiversity of the ecosystem. They are known to attract birds and butterflies, adding beauty and ecological value to their surroundings.
The Saptparni tree’s medicinal properties and its role in supporting respiratory and digestive health make it an important component of traditional medicine in India. Additionally, its environmental contributions make it a valuable part of the natural ecosystem, promoting biodiversity and environmental sustainability.
Common Name: Sita Ashok Tree
Botanical Name: Saraca asoca
Hindi Name: Sita Ashok
Marathi Name: Ashok
Family: Fabaceae
The Sita Ashok tree, scientifically known as Saraca asoca, is a small to medium-sized evergreen tree that holds cultural and religious significance in India. It is named after the legendary character Sita from the Hindu epic Ramayana. The Sita Ashok tree is native to the Indian subcontinent and is found in various regions across the country.
The Sita Ashok tree is admired for its ornamental beauty and therapeutic properties. Here are some notable features:
1. Cultural Significance: The Sita Ashok tree is associated with the legend of Sita, the consort of Lord Rama. It is believed that during her captivity, Sita found solace and took shelter under the shade of the Ashok tree. As a result, the tree is considered sacred and symbolizes love, devotion, and feminine power.
2. Ornamental Beauty: The Sita Ashok tree is known for its attractive flowers, which bloom in vibrant shades of orange, red, and pink. These flowers add a splash of color to the surroundings and are highly valued for their aesthetic appeal.
3. Medicinal Properties: Various parts of the Sita Ashok tree, including the bark, leaves, flowers, and seeds, have been traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine. They are known for their medicinal properties and are used to treat various ailments, including menstrual disorders, dysentery, diarrhea, and skin conditions.
4. Menstrual Health: The Sita Ashok tree is particularly renowned for its effects on women’s health. It is believed to have hormonal balancing properties and is used to regulate menstrual cycles, alleviate menstrual pain, and support overall reproductive health.
5. Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Effects: The bark and leaves of the Sita Ashok tree possess anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. They are used in traditional remedies to reduce inflammation, relieve pain, and promote healing.
6. Environmental Benefits: Sita Ashok trees contribute to the environment by providing shade, improving air quality, and enhancing the beauty of landscapes. They are often planted in gardens, parks, and religious sites for their aesthetic value and environmental benefits.
The Sita Ashok tree’s cultural significance, ornamental beauty, and medicinal properties make it a cherished and revered tree in India. Its association with feminine power and its therapeutic effects on women’s health have earned it a special place in traditional medicine and cultural practices.
Jamun Tree
Common Name: Jamun Tree
Botanical Name: Syzygium cumini
Hindi Name: Jamun
Marathi Name: Jambhul
Family: Myrtaceae
The Jamun tree, scientifically known as Syzygium cumini, is a medium-sized evergreen tree that is native to the Indian subcontinent. It is highly valued for its delicious fruit and holds cultural and medicinal significance in India.
The Jamun tree is known for its various uses and benefits. Here are some notable features:
1. Culinary Delight: The fruit of the Jamun tree is a popular summer treat in India. It has a unique sweet and tangy flavor and is consumed fresh, used in desserts, or made into refreshing beverages. It is also used to prepare jams, jellies, and sauces.
2. Medicinal Properties: Jamun fruit, leaves, bark, and seeds have been used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for centuries. They are known for their medicinal properties and are used to manage various health conditions. Jamun is believed to have anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects.
3. Blood Sugar Regulation: Jamun fruit is particularly renowned for its ability to help regulate blood sugar levels. It contains compounds that help slow down the conversion of starch into sugar, making it beneficial for individuals with diabetes or those at risk of developing diabetes.
4. Digestive Health: Jamun is known to aid in digestion and relieve digestive disorders. It is believed to have carminative and astringent properties that can help alleviate diarrhea, indigestion, and dysentery.
5. Antioxidant Powerhouse: Jamun fruit is rich in antioxidants, primarily anthocyanins, which give it its deep purple color. Antioxidants help neutralize free radicals in the body, protecting cells from damage and supporting overall health.
6. Oral Health: Jamun bark and leaves are traditionally used for oral care. They have antimicrobial properties that help combat bacteria in the mouth, promoting dental and gum health.
7. Environmental Benefits: Jamun trees provide shade, contribute to soil conservation, and help in preventing erosion. They also attract birds and wildlife, adding to the biodiversity of the ecosystem.
The Jamun tree’s culinary delights, medicinal properties, and environmental contributions make it a cherished and valuable tree in India. Its association with good health, especially in managing blood sugar levels, has made it an important component of traditional medicine and a favorite fruit among many.
Neem Tree
Common Name: Neem Tree
Botanical Name: Azadirachta indica
Hindi Name: Neem
Marathi Name: Nimba
Family: Meliaceae
The Neem tree, scientifically known as Azadirachta indica, is a versatile evergreen tree native to the Indian subcontinent. It is highly regarded for its numerous uses and benefits, earning it the title of “The Village Pharmacy” in India.
The Neem tree is renowned for its extensive range of applications. Here are some notable features:
1. Medicinal Properties: Neem has been an integral part of traditional Ayurvedic medicine for centuries. It possesses a wide array of medicinal properties and is used to treat various ailments. Neem is known for its antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects.
2. Skin and Hair Care: Neem is widely utilized in skincare and hair care products. Its leaves, oil, and extracts are used to treat skin conditions such as acne, eczema, and psoriasis. Neem oil is also used to promote healthy hair, combat dandruff, and prevent scalp infections.
3. Oral Health: Neem’s antimicrobial properties make it valuable in maintaining oral hygiene. Neem twigs are traditionally used as natural toothbrushes to promote gum health, prevent cavities, and freshen breath. Neem extracts are also found in toothpaste and mouthwashes.
4. Pest Control: Neem is a natural pesticide and insect repellent. Its extracts are used in agriculture to protect crops from pests and insects while being environmentally friendly. Neem oil is also used in household and personal care products to repel mosquitoes and other insects.
5. Immune System Support: Neem is believed to boost the immune system and promote overall health. It is known to have immunomodulatory properties that help the body fight against infections and diseases.
6. Environmental Benefits: Neem trees play a vital role in environmental conservation. They help prevent soil erosion, improve soil fertility, and contribute to reforestation efforts. Neem leaves act as a natural fertilizer, enriching the soil with essential nutrients.
7. Sustainable Practices: Neem trees are valued for their sustainable qualities. All parts of the tree, including leaves, bark, seeds, and oil, are utilized for various purposes, minimizing waste and promoting sustainable practices.
The Neem tree’s versatility, medicinal prowess, and environmental contributions make it a revered and invaluable asset in India. Its significance in traditional medicine, skincare, agriculture, and sustainable practices demonstrate its importance in promoting human and environmental well-being.
Panfuti
Common Name: Life Plant
Botanical Name: Bryophyllum pinnatum
Hindi Name: Pather Chur
Marathi Name: Panfuti
Family: Crassulaceae
The Life Plant, scientifically known as Bryophyllum pinnatum, is a fascinating succulent plant that possesses remarkable regenerative properties. It is native to Madagascar but is now widely cultivated in various parts of the world, including India.
The Life Plant is known for its unique characteristics and beneficial attributes. Here are some notable features:
1. Regenerative Ability: The Life Plant has an extraordinary ability to propagate itself through vegetative reproduction. The plant develops small plantlets on the edges of its leaves, which can root and grow into new plants when they come into contact with soil. This regenerative quality has earned it the common name “Life Plant.”
2. Medicinal Uses: The Life Plant has a long history of traditional medicinal use. It is believed to possess several therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, and antifungal effects. Various parts of the plant, such as leaves and stems, are used in folk remedies to treat conditions like wounds, burns, skin infections, and digestive disorders.
3. Ornamental Value: The Life Plant is often cultivated as an ornamental plant due to its attractive appearance and low maintenance requirements. Its fleshy, succulent leaves are arranged in a unique pattern, giving it an appealing aesthetic appeal. It is commonly grown in gardens, as a potted plant, or as a decorative addition to indoor spaces.
4. Environmental Benefits: The Life Plant has environmental significance as well. It is known to be highly resilient and can thrive in arid and dry conditions. Its ability to store water in its leaves allows it to survive droughts and periods of water scarcity. Furthermore, the plant contributes to oxygen production and improves air quality.
5. Cultural Significance: In some cultures, the Life Plant holds cultural and spiritual significance. It is believed to possess protective qualities and is often associated with warding off evil spirits and bringing good fortune.
The Life Plant’s regenerative abilities, medicinal uses, ornamental value, and environmental resilience make it a captivating and valuable plant. Its unique properties have garnered attention not only for its aesthetic appeal but also for its potential therapeutic applications.
Common Name: Aloe Vera
Botanical Name: Aloe barbadensis
Hindi Name: Ghritkumari
Marathi Name: Kumari
Family: Asphodelaceae
Aloe Vera, scientifically known as Aloe barbadensis, is a succulent plant with a long history of medicinal and cosmetic uses. It is native to the Arabian Peninsula but is cultivated worldwide, including in India.
Aloe Vera is renowned for its versatile applications and beneficial properties. Here are some notable features:
1. Medicinal Benefits: Aloe Vera has been used for centuries in traditional medicine due to its numerous therapeutic properties. It is commonly used to soothe and heal skin conditions, such as sunburn, cuts, wounds, and insect bites. Aloe Vera gel, derived from the plant’s leaves, is known for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and analgesic effects.
2. Skincare and Cosmetics: Aloe Vera is a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that nourish the skin and promote a healthy complexion. Aloe Vera gel is used to moisturize, soothe, and rejuvenate the skin, reducing dryness, acne, and signs of aging.
3. Digestive Health: Aloe Vera has a long history of use in promoting digestive health. The gel derived from the inner leaf is consumed orally to support digestion, alleviate constipation, and improve gut health. Aloe Vera juice is known for its laxative properties and is used as a natural remedy for digestive discomfort.
4. Immune System Support: Aloe Vera contains polysaccharides, which are believed to enhance immune function and boost the body’s defense mechanisms. Regular consumption of Aloe Vera gel or juice may help strengthen the immune system and improve overall health.
5. Nutritional Value: Aloe Vera is a rich source of vitamins, including vitamins A, C, and E, as well as various minerals such as calcium, magnesium, and potassium. It also contains essential amino acids, enzymes, and polysaccharides, making it a valuable addition to a balanced diet.
6. Environmental Adaptability: Aloe Vera is a hardy plant that can withstand arid conditions and is often cultivated in regions with hot climates. Its ability to store water in its leaves allows it to survive in dry environments with minimal irrigation requirements.
The versatility of Aloe Vera in promoting skin health, digestive well-being, and immune system support, coupled with its adaptability to different climates, has made it a beloved plant globally. Its use in traditional medicine and skincare has solidified its reputation as a multipurpose plant with significant benefits for human health and well-being.
Sadafuli
Common Name: Sadafuli
Botanical Name: Catharanthus roseus
Hindi Name: Sadabahar
Marathi Name: Sadaphuli
Family: Apocynaceae
Sadafuli, scientifically known as Catharanthus roseus, is a charming flowering plant that is cherished for its beautiful blooms and medicinal properties. It is native to Madagascar but is cultivated and admired in various parts of India.
Sadafuli is known for its diverse uses and beneficial attributes. Here are some notable features:
1. Ornamental Beauty: Sadafuli is highly prized for its attractive flowers, which bloom in a range of vibrant colors, including white, pink, purple, and red. Its abundant blossoms and glossy green foliage make it a popular choice for gardens, borders, and hanging baskets, adding a delightful burst of color and enhancing the visual appeal of outdoor spaces.
2. Medicinal Uses: Sadafuli has a long history of medicinal use in traditional systems of medicine. It contains alkaloids, terpenoids, and other bioactive compounds that contribute to its medicinal properties. Extracts from Sadafuli are used in folk remedies for their potential anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-microbial effects.
3. Anti-Cancer Potential: Sadafuli has gained attention for its potential anti-cancer properties. Some of its compounds, such as vinblastine and vincristine, have been used in cancer treatments, particularly for leukemia and lymphoma. These compounds inhibit the growth of cancer cells and have shown promising results in various studies.
4. Herbal Medicine: Sadafuli extracts are used in traditional herbal medicine to treat various ailments. It is believed to have medicinal effects on conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, malaria, and skin disorders. The plant’s leaves, flowers, and roots are used in different preparations, such as teas, infusions, or topical applications.
5. Environmental Benefits: Sadafuli contributes to the environment in multiple ways. It attracts pollinators like bees and butterflies, aiding in plant reproduction and supporting biodiversity. Additionally, its presence in gardens and landscapes enhances the overall aesthetic appeal and promotes a sense of tranquility and natural beauty.
Sadafuli’s ornamental beauty, medicinal potential, and environmental contributions make it a treasured plant in India. Its colorful blooms and therapeutic properties have earned it a special place in gardens, traditional medicine, and horticultural practices, making it a cherished and versatile flowering plant.
Adulsa / Malabar nut
Common Name: Malabar nut
Botanical Name: Justicia adhatoda
Hindi Name: Adusa
Marathi Name: Adulsa
Family: Acanthaceae
This evergreen perennial shrub has leathery leaves. The flowers are dense and large having large bracts and whitish pink/purple colored. The herb is often grown as a hedge and its leaves and twigs are utilized as green-manure. The whole plant or its roots, leaves, bark and flowers are used in various herbal preparations.
It is a primary medicinal plant for the respiratory tract ailments in the treatment of cough, bronchitis, asthma and symptoms of common cold. The medicinal uses of Adulsa leaves are attributed to its antitussive, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Its leaf juice is the most common home remedy for cough, respiratory diseases and bleeding disorders. It is also a highly effective natural medicine for respiratory infections. In ayurveda, Adulsa juice is also called Adusa Swarasa, Adulsa Swarasa and Vasa Svarasa.
Constituents of the plant have been exposed to have anti stress effects, which might be occasioned partly by an endocrine and partly by an immunomodulatory mechanism of action. This plant has medicinal uses, mainly antispasmodic, fever reducer, anti-inflammatory, anti-bleeding, bronchodilator, anti-diabetic, disinfectant, anti-jaundice and oxytocic. It is antiperiodic, astringent, diuretic, purgative and is also used as an expectorant in addition to liquefy sputum. The leaves, flowers and roots of this plant used in herbal drugs against tubercular activities cancer and possessed anti-helminthic properties.
Tulsi / Basil
Common Name: Holy Basil
Botanical Name: Ocimum tenuiflorum
Hindi Name: Tulsi
Marathi Name: Tulas
Family: Lamiaceae
Tulsi is a sacred plant for Hindus, particularly the Vaishnavite sect. It is worshipped as the avatar of Lakshmi,[citation needed] and is often planted in courtyards of Hindu houses or temples to Hanuman. The ritual lighting of lamps each evening during Karthik includes the worship of the tulsi plant. Vaishnavites are also known as “those who bear the tulsi around the neck”.
Tulsi Vivah is a ceremonial festival performed between Prabodhini Ekadashi (the 11th or 12th lunar day of the bright fortnight of the Hindu month of Kartik) and Kartik Purnima (the full moon of the month).
Every evening, Bengali Hindus place earthen lamps in front of tulsi plants. During the Kati Bihu festival celebrated in Assam, people light earthen lamps (diya) at the foot of the household tulsi plants and pray.
Tulsi has proved to be highly effective in protecting our body from various infections and diseases of the liver, skin, kidney, etc. It contains powerful oxidants that can help in keeping your blood pressure levels and cholesterol levels under control, making it one of the best heart-healthy foods. It is also good for diabetes as it possesses hypoglycaemic properties which are known to help lower blood sugar levels. It is recommended to include tulsi in your diabetic diet plan. Owing to its numerous health benefits, tulsi is rightly called the ‘Queen of Herbs’.
Odomas/ Citronella
Common Name: Citronella plant, Odomas, Mosquito plant
Botanical Name: Pelargoniums
Hindi Name: Odomas
Marathi Name: Odomas
Family: Geraniaceae
One of the widely known Mosquito plants is also known as the Odomas Plant. The plant belongs to the Geraniaceae family and is an annual plant. Because of its famous mosquito repellant action, it is widely sown in the Indian subcontinent. The Odomos plant is used to treat wounds, cold sores, and throat infections. It is a popular insecticide with a leafy-rose aroma and is used to inhibit severe actions of insects. It can also be added in facial oils to cleanse pores to have brighter skin
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Classification of Indian Trees (https://www.indianetzone.com/7/indian_trees.htm)
Indian Trees can be classified in different ways. These trees are categorized according to their valuable properties and usages into decorative or gardening trees, timber trees, medicinal trees, etc. Indian medicinal trees have valuable medicinal properties and they are commonly used in the traditional treatment methods like Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Unani treatments. Indian Trees can also be classified according to the duration of leaf on the tree. Such trees are evergreen trees and deciduous trees. Evergreen trees have leaves throughout the year, whereas deciduous trees shed their leaves and turn dormant in winter. India has flowering trees as well as flowerless trees. Indian trees can also be grouped as coastal trees that grow in the coastal regions of India.
Types of Indian Trees
India is a home to wide variety of trees, for example, peepul tree, banyan tree (bodhi tree), banana tree, neem tree, tamarind tree, dhak tree, coconut palm tree, mango tree, jujube tree, portia tree, casuarina tree, Gulmohar tree, coralwood tree, jasmine tree, mandara tree, rubber tree, cashew tree, devil’s tree, bilimbi tree, bel tree, arjun tree, khajur tree, supari tree, mohwa tree, papaya tree, Indian rosewood tree, kikar tree, sal tree, cork tree, khair tree, debdaru tree, amla tree, sandalwood tree, jamun tree, madras thorn tree, nagalingam tree, etc. Some of the Indian Trees are as follows:
• Indian Teak Tree: Teak Tree (Tectona Grandis) is an all around premiere timber with many favourable properties. This tree has been and will continue to be one of the most admired and precious timber tree species in the world.
• Banyan Tree: Banyan Tree (Ficus Bengalensis) is one of the most venerated trees in India. It has the ability to survive and grow for centuries and is often compared to the shelter given by God to his devotees.
• Gulmohar Tree: Gulmohar Tree (Delonix Regia) is one of the prettiest trees in the world. It is also known as ‘flame of the forest’ as the orange-red colors of this tree’s flowers are so intense, that it looks like it is on fire.
• Tamarind Tree: Tamarind Tree (Tamarindus Indica) is a medium-sized fruit tree with a round-shaped crown. It grows best on sandy soil near the sea, but nowhere does it grow as well as in India.
• Peepal Tree: Peepal Tree (Ficus Religiosa) is a tree worshipped since the dawn of civilization and has great medicinal value apart from religious significance. This tree is a deciduous tree that is native to India and is sacred in Buddhism.
• Mango Tree: Mango Tree (Mangifera Indica) is a fruiting tree native to South Asia and the fruit is national fruit of India. Its fruit and leaves are used in several religious ceremonies of Hindus.
• Neem Tree: Neem Tree (Azadirachta Indica) is native to India and associated with Hindu festivals of Ugadi and Gudi Padwa. Neem leafs are traditionally recommended during early summer in Ayurveda.
• Jamun Tree: Jamun Tree (Syzygium Cumini) is native to India and a very popular seasonal fruit tree with immense health benefits. This tropical black berry has a unique taste, colour and flavour.
• Sal Tree: Sal Tree (Shorea Robusta) is a large sub deciduous tree. It is worshiped among the Buddhist and Hindus in India. It is mentioned in many scriptures that Lord Buddha was born and died under the Sal tree. It is found in almost all the parts of India.
Indian Almond Terminalia catappa, a large tropical tree in the leadwood tree family, Combretaceae, is naturally widespread in the subtropical and tropical zones of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, and is planted widely in many countries as an ornamental tree. Indian almond consists of certain minerals which are very important to human health because they serve as co-factors for many metabolic processes in the body. These fruits contain several minerals and vitamins that perform important functions and add nutritional values which contribute positively to healthy living.
• Eucalyptus Tree: Eucalyptus Tree (Eucalyptus Globulus) is the tall evergreen tree. There are more than 700 species of Eucalyptus all over the world. Eucalyptus is mainly used as the pulpwood in the manufacturing of the paper as well as raw material.
Significance of Indian Trees
Indian trees are vital constituents of nature. Almost all parts of trees like bark, leaves, roots, fruit and timber have usage in India. These trees are a major source of fruits and wood. They purvey a specific weather-sheltered ecosystem, in and under their foliage. They absorb carbon dioxide, thus purifying air and reducing global warming. With the absorption of rainwater, trees in India help in the prevention of floods, soil erosion and landslides. They provide habitat to species like bats, tawny owls and woodpeckers. Different Indian trees have different values. Some have high medicinal values, while others have religious and cultural values.
Indian timber trees are sources of timber or wood. The obtained timber is processed into beams and planks and is used for varied purposes. They are often referred to as fancy trees and are widely used for making lavish furniture. Timber trees are found extensively in India and have varied characteristics and utility. There is hardly any timber tree in India, which do not have any utility. There are over 150 species of timber produced in India.
Types and Uses of Indian Timber Trees
Indian timber trees have utility value in day-to-day life. Mango tree grows throughout India. It is well known for producing a fruit called mango, but mango tree can also be utilized for making cheap furniture, packing boxes, panels for doors and windows, etc. Palm tree grows all over India and is useful for making furniture, roof covering, rafters and joists. Tamarind tree grows throughout India. It is utilized for making agricultural instruments, well-curbs, carts, etc. Banyan tree grows throughout India. The aerial roots of Banyan tree are utilized for making tent poles and well-curbs. Bakul tree is grown in north India and is reddish brown in color. It is used for making cabinets. Benteak species of timber grows in south India and can be used for boat building and making furniture. Coconut tree is found throughout coastal India and is used for making poles, piles, furniture and formwork. Mulberry tree grows in Punjab. Mulberry is utilized for making baskets and sports goods like hockey sticks and cricket bats. Deodar tree is the source of soft wood. It is used in structural work and in making railway sleepers, cheap furniture, packing boxes, railway carriages, etc. Babul tree is used for making the wheels of bullock cart, tool handles, agricultural instruments and well-curbs. Sissoo tree is used for making good quality furniture, plywoods, bridge piles, railway sleepers, etc. Indian timber trees namely, teak, sandalwood, sal, seesham, etc hugely contribute to agro-forestry.
Other Indian Timber Trees
Some of the other Indian timber trees are Satinwood tree, Sundri tree, Bijasal tree, Gambar tree, Indian Elm tree and Axlewood tree.
Indian medicinal plants are being used to cure diseases, since several millennia. These plants are grown throughout the Indian subcontinent. They are significant parts of Ayurveda. Ayurveda is one of the most popular codified medical traditions in India. This treatment method traces its origins to the Vedic ages. Numerous Indian medicinal plants are mentioned in the Vedic texts. Besides Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani medicinal practices use several medicinal plants to prepare medicines. Whilst most of the medicinal plants are native to India, some have their origin in foreign countries. The probable trade taking place during the existence of ancient civilizations and the arrival of the Europeans, paved the way for medicinal plants in India.
Different Indian Medicinal Plants
Some of the most popular Indian medicinal plants are tulsi, ginger, turmeric, sunflower, Indian cherry and prickly pear. Each of these species has a botanical name, but they are more popular in India by regional names. For instance, turmeric is known as Halud in Bengali, Halaad in Gujarati, Haldi in Hindi, Arishina in Kannada, Halad in Konkani, Niannal in Malayalam, Halde in Marathi, Haldar in Punjabi and so on. Almost all parts of Indian medicinal plants, including leaves, flowers, fruits, roots, barks, etc are used to prepare medicines. Some important Indian medicinal plants are:
Tulsi: Among all herbs, Tulsi occupies the most respected and important position. Tulsi plant can be used for prevention as well as cure of illnesses. A Tulsi plant at the doorstep is said to keep the atmosphere of the house pure and clean, and keep illness away. Tulsi is known to treat cough, cold, bronchitis and loss of appetite.
Ginger: It is used for abdominal bloating, coughing, vomiting, diarrhoea and rheumatism. Ginger is commonly used in the Ayurvedic systems of medicine for the treatment of inflammatory joint diseases, such as arthritis and rheumatism. Ginger is beneficial in treating nausea, especially morning sickness.
Turmeric: Turmeric is a popular spice that has been used as a remedy for thousands of years in Ayurvedic medicine. It is popular for its medicinal values, utilised as part of home remedy. It is proven to improve immune function with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antibacterial properties. The main active ingredient of Turmeric is curcumin, which may offer protection against certain cancers, treat arthritis, benefit those with inflammatory bowel disease, reduce blood sugar and help prevent Alzheimer’s disease.
Sunflower seeds: Sunflower seeds enhance digestion and brain power. They have low level of cholesterol and sodium and can therefore protect the cardiovascular system. They are rich in healthy fats, beneficial plant compounds and several vitamins and minerals. These nutrients may play a role in reducing risk of common health problems, including heart disease and type 2 diabetes.
Prickly Pears: As with several other Indian medicinal plants, Prickly Pear also bears vital medicinal properties and uses. The fruit of the plant is considered a cooling agent and finds usefulness in the treatment of gonorrhoea. The baked fruit is purportedly used in the treatment of whooping cough, with the syrup of the fruit believed to increase secretion of bile and controlling of spasmodic cough and expectoration. The mashed joints of Prickly Pear are used as a poultice to relieve inflammation and the heated joint is applied to boils to accelerate suppuration.
Pudina: This aromatic Ayurvedic herb is a natural coolant, with a sweet and a pungent aftertaste. Mint has the quality to pacify all the three doshas and chiefly manages the Pitta dosha. Pudina leaves owing to its carminative properties helps in digestion and assimilation of food and treats colic pain. The extract of pudina leaves is used to treat intestinal worms.
Henna: Henna is exceedingly beneficial for a number of disorders, like hairfall, dysentery, liver, headaches, stinging feet, skin infection and female diseases. The leaves have curative properties, like checking secretion or blood loss and forestalling skin disorders. The bark and seeds of the plant are used in Ayurvedic and Unani medicine.
Guggulu: Guggulu is said to be demulcent, aperient, alterative and a purifier of the blood. It is used in rheumatism, nervous diseases, scrofulous affections, urinary disorders and skin diseases.
Aloe Vera: Indian aloe comes to requisite use in everyday sicknesses like, liver enlargement, cold, arthritis, indigestion, skin irritations, or sciatica. The leaves of the plant possess numerous curative properties. They are useful in reinstating the perturbed processes of nutrition. They boost libido and control secretion or blood loss. They also encourage and regularize menstrual cycle.
Eucalyptus: The oil that comes from the eucalyptus tree is used as an antiseptic, a perfume, as an ingredient in cosmetics, as a flavoring, in dental preparations, and in industrial solvents. Leaves are steam distilled to extract the oil, which is a colorless liquid with a strong, sweet, woody scent. It contains 1,8-cineole, also known as eucalyptol. The leaves also contain flavonoids and tannins. Flavonoids are plant-based antioxidants, and tannins may help to reduce inflammation.
Neem: Neem tree has several uses, chiefly acting as an active disinfectant and cleanser, removing all impurities in cases of infectious disorders. Neem tree is generally considered an air purifier and a defensive against malarial fever and cholera. The leaves are useful in assuaging gas, boosting the deletion of catarrhal matter and phlegm from the bronchial tubes and in increasing secretion and disposal of urine. They also function as an insecticide. The bark is a sour stimulant and vitalizes the body. It checks secretions and blood loss, in addition to counterbalancing any convulsive disorders. The root bark of this tree has the same attributes as the bark of the trunk. The gum released by the stem is a stimulant and revitalizes with a cooling effect on the skin and mucous membranes.
Other important medicinal plants of India are Babool, Brahmi, Dhaniya, Kalmegh, Nagarmotha, Punarnava, Shalarni, Ashwagandha, Shirish, Mulethi, pipal etc.
Distribution of Indian Medicinal Plants
There are regions of high floristic diversity in India. These regions are extensive and relatively undisturbed forest ecosystems of the Himalayas, the Khasi and Mizo Hills of north eastern India, the Vindhya and Satpura mountain ranges of northern peninsular India and the Western Ghats. The forests contain an estimated 90 percent of the country’s higher (flowering) plant species and are therefore of special importance to traditional medicines. A significant portion of Indian medicinal plant species occur in forests, rangelands and in the mosaic of habitats found within agricultural landscapes.
Ayurvedic herbs are time tested for their health and other benefits. The nutritive value that they pack is highly recommended for their healing powers. Known to induce no side effects, they have a unique aroma and flavor and when consumed regularly, they act as a perfect mechanism to bring about a balanced harmony between mind and body. They rejuvenate the whole system instead of focusing on one specific organ or body part.
Evergreen trees
The Indian Subcontinent provides suitable conditions for the growth and development of various kinds of trees. Evergreen trees are no exception in this regard. These trees have foliage that persists and remains green throughout the year. Various types of evergreen trees have been recorded in India. These trees are described below.
Jack Fruit Tree
Jack Fruit Tree is cultivated at low elevations throughout India and is believed to be indigenous to the rainforests of the Western Ghats. It is considered to be one of the most popular and most important fruit of India. This large and evergreen tree has dark green, glossy, oblong and deeply lobed or leathery leaves. Tiny male flowers are borne in oblong clusters, whereas the female flowers have elliptic or rounded clusters. Jack fruit developed on this tree is the largest of all tree-borne fruits in the world. The ripe fruit appears green or yellow. It has numerous hard, cone-like points attached to a thick, rubbery, and pale yellow or whitish wall.
Alexandrian Laurel
Alexandrian Laurel is native to southern coastal India and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. This tree is characterized by a broad and irregular crown. Usually there are two distinct flowering periods, that is, late spring and late autumn. The fruit of the tree is round, green drupe and has a single large seed. The ripe fruit exhibits variance in color, from yellow to brownish-red and is wrinkled. Alexandrian Laurel is a low-branching and slow-growing tree, attaining a height of about 8 to 20 m.
Sapodilla
Sapodilla is an evergreen tree, which has green and glossy leaves. This tree has white colored and bell shape flowers. The fruit of the tree can be described as large and elliptical shaped. The flesh of the fruit is pale yellow to brown colored with a grainy texture. The bark of the tree has white and gummy latex.
Blackboard Tree
Blackboard Tree is native to the Indian Subcontinent. This evergreen tropical tree has leaves which are glossy on the upper side and grayish on the underside. The cymes are known to be dense and pubescent. Pedicels are usually as long as or shorter than calyx. The corolla is white and tube-like and the lobes are broadly ovate or broadly obovate. The ovaries are distinct and pubescent. The follicles are distinct and linear. This tree has a grayish colored mature bark. The tree attains a height of about 40 m.
Other Evergreen Trees in India
Guava Trees and Kanara Nutmeg are the other evergreen trees in India.
Deciduous trees
The Indian Subcontinent provides suitable conditions for the growth and development of various kinds of trees in India. Deciduous trees are no exception in this regard. These trees shed their leaves and turn dormant in the winter. Teak Tree, Indian Coral Tree and Indian Beech Tree are the deciduous trees which have been recorded in India. These trees are described below.
Teak Tree
The species name of Teak Tree is T. Grandis. This tree is native to India. A tree named Kannimar, located within the Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary of Kerala is the world’s largest living teak tree. It can be described as a large, deciduous and tropical hardwood tree. This tree has ovate -elliptic to ovate leaves. It has gray to grayish brown branches. The flowers of the tree are white in appearance. It is important to note that the flowers are primarily insect-pollinated, but can occasionally be wind-pollinated. The wood is hard textured. The heartwood has been identified as brownish red in color, which darkens with age. The sapwood of the tree is whitish to pale yellowish brown in appearance and can be separated from the heartwood without any difficulty. Teak is utilized in manufacturing outdoor furniture and boat decks, indoor flooring, etc.
Indian Coral Tree
The botanical name of Indian Coral Tree is Erythrina Variegate. This tree is a highly valued ornamental tree and is regarded as one of the gems of the floral world. This deciduous tree is broad and its length ranges from 60 to 80 ft. Bright crimson flowers in dense terminal clusters are evident on the tree, prior to the growth of leaves in late winter or early spring .The leaves of the tree are compound, with three diamond shaped leaflets. There are curved spines on the long leaf stalks. The beanlike pods are cylindrical and constricted between the reddish brown seeds. The branches have been identified as stout, which are armed with black tiger’s claw spines.
Indian Beech Tree
The botanical name of Indian Beech Tree is Pongamia Pinnata. It is a drought tolerant deciduous tree with soft, shiny burgundy leaves in early summer and glossy, deep green leaves attained on maturity. This tree is adorned with small clusters of flowers of multiple colors like white, purple and pink, throughout the year. Small clusters of these flowers mature into brown seed pods. The flowering months ranges from March to April. The tree has a dense network of lateral roots and its taproot is thick and long. This tree grows fast and attains a height of about 15 to 25 meters.
Coastal Trees
The Indian Subcontinent provides suitable conditions for the growth and development of various kinds of trees. Trees growing in the coastal areas of India are no exception in this regard. A few of these trees are described below.
Coconut Trees
Coconut is cultivated mainly in the coastal tracts of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal, Puducherry, Maharashtra, Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep Islands of India. This tree is a large palm, which can attain a height of about 30 m. It has pinnate leaves. The coconut has three layers namely, exocarp, mesocarp and endocarp. The exocarp and mesocarp make up the “husk” of the coconut. The mesocarp is composed of a fiber called coir. The shell has three germination pores (micropyles) which are conspicuous on the outside surface post the removal of the husk. The weight of a full-sized coconut is about 1.44 kg (3.2 lb). This tree has a fibrous or adventitious root system. In this kind of system, there is abundance of thin roots that grows outward from the plant near the surface. Only a few of the roots penetrate deep into the soil for stability. Coconut palms produce roots from the base of the stem throughout their lives.
Mangroves
A mangrove is a shrub or small tree which finds suitable conditions to grow in coastal saline or brackish water. Mangrove forests occupy the deltas of the Ganges, Mahanadi, Krishna, Godavari and Kaveri rivers. These trees have broad, leathery and evergreen leaves. Mangrove forests comprise one of the most productive terrestrial eco systems. These salt tolerant trees are called halophytes. They have the capability to adapt to harsh coastal conditions and low oxygen (anoxic) conditions of waterlogged mud. A complex salt filtration system and complex root system helps them to cope with salt water immersion and wave action. Various kinds of saline conditions are tolerated by various types of mangroves like that in brackish water, in pure seawater (3 to 4%), water concentrated by evaporation and over twice the salinity of ocean seawater (up to 9%).
Casuarina
The Andhra Pradesh Forest Development Corporation (APFDC) and the Forest Department has taken up the initiative to motivate Vana Samrakshana Samitis to develop Casuarina plantation under the joint forest management. These plantations along the river and in the coastal areas are expected to check wind velocity reducing damage during natural calamities. More specifically, line planting in the coastal areas is expected to control the wind force and stabilizing the sand dunes.
References
Trees of India
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trees_of_India
Tree species for planting at the sides and median of the roads
https://wgbis.ces.iisc.ac.in/energy/water/paper/ETR79/description.html
40 Common Trees in India – Uses, Benefits of Trees of India
https://www.nelda.org.in/40-common-trees-in-india-uses-benefits-of-trees-of-india/
Identifying Trees by a leaf-type http://flowersofindia.net/treeid/index.html